TurpanislocatedinadepressionwiththeareaofmorethansquarekilometersoftheeasternpartofXinjiangandsome80metersbelowthesealevel.AndnearbytheMoonLake,orEdingLakeinlocallanguage,thelowestwatersurfaceismetersbelowthesealevel,thesecondlowestcontinentalpointintheworldaftertheDeadSea.TurpaniscalledtheLandofFire,whichwasderived
fromtheintensesummertemperature,thehighesteverrecordedwas47.5oCandinsummerthegroundsurfacetemperatureisabout70oC.TheDepressionischaracterizedbyhightemperatureandrareperspiration,soitishotbutitisnotwet,duringsummer,althoughitisextremelyhot,thestreetsarefullofpeople.
Thewaterfromthesurroundingmountainsandunderflownourishesthedepression.Andthelocalpeopledevelopedauniqueirrigationsystem:”Karez”,bywhichwaterisintroducedtotheagriculturaloasissurroundedbydesert.Turpanisfamousforitsgrapesproduce.OnceinTurpanDepression,onehasafeelingthatasifhewasinalandofgrapes,TheGrapeGauge,about8kilometersinlength,isonewithgrapevinesgrownontheslopesofthebothsides,anddeepintotheGauge,thereisatouristresort,shadedbygrapevinesandfromlateJunetoearlyOctober,clustersofgrapeshangingoverheadandthemineralwaterflowingfromundertherocksmaketheresortagreatattraction.Infact,thecityproperitselfisonethatissurroundedorcoveredbygrapevines.Manystreetsthemselvesarevineyardsortrelliseswithgrapevines,togetherwiththefruitstandsthewholecityisamixtureofthefruitorchardandmarket,since,theGrapefestivalheldinthecitybe Inhistory,TurpanwasthecapitalofancientGaochangKingdom(fromthesixthcentury)andlatertheadministrationresidenceofXizhou.ItwasaveryimportantjunctureontheSilkRoadthroughwhichthewesternculturesandChinesecultureencounteredandcrashedandexchanged.Agreatmanyhistoricalsitesandculturalrelicshaveremained.Andthecityisknownasa“naturalmuseumofmanandculture.
ThemajortoursitesoftheareaoftheNorthernPartofSouthXijiangcenteredbyTurpan:theFlamingMountains,theMoonLake,GrapeGouge,KarezSystem,theRuinsofancientCityofJiaohe,theruinsofancientCityofGaochang,BezeklikThousandBuddhaCaves,EminMinaret,Astan-KharakhojaTombs,SandDunePark,theSandPlantPark.
Notes:
1.Turpan吐鲁番
2.theDeadSea死海
3.Karez坎儿井（灌溉暗渠）
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